ZFIN Image: McDaniel et al., 2019, Figure 3

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Figure 3

Alterations in cellular energetics and mitochondrial membrane potential in macrophages treated with Ti₆O₁₁. (A) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and (B) extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were measured using Agilent Seahorse XF96 Analyzer in mock and Ti₆O₁₁ treated BMDMs at either 100 ppm or 1,000 ppm. (C) Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) in macrophages treated with vehicle (blue) or 100 ppm Magnéli phases (green), with H₂O₂ used to induce maximum loss of membrane potential in each group. (D) Cellular oxidative stress was evaluated using dihydrodichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3/group). AU, Arbitrary Units. *p < 0.05, #p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Acknowledgments

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