Figure 4

Figure 4

Identification of fusaric acid as bioactive compound from Fusarium proliferatum that induces an undulating notochord in zebrafish embryos. (A) Tg(ntl-gfp) transgenic zebrafish were left untreated or (B) were incubated with fraction 27 of Fusarium proliferatum and (C) fusaric acid (40 µM) from 6 hpf onwards and imaged at 24hpf using a confocal microscope, which highlights the undulating notochord in treated embryos. (D–G) Purification and identification of fusaric acid. (D) Preparative HPLC chromatogram of the secondary metabolite mixture of fusarium proliferatum. The major peak, fraction 27, contains the biologically active compound. (E) MS spectrum of fraction 27 revealing a M + H of 180.2 Da. (F) UV-Vis spectrum of fraction 27 revealing maximum absorption peaks at 202, 225 and 270 nm. (G) ¹H-NMR spectrum of fraction 27.