Fig. 3

Diverse Neuromodulatory Cell Types Are Correlated with Alertness States

(A) Example cart+ tegmentum neuron, with pre-stimulus time series and onset to first escape-like tail movement for each trial (black dots), ordered by RT.

(B) Example data from individual th+ locus coeruleus neuron (top) and cart+ tegmentum neuron (bottom). (Left) Overlays of antibody label (red) with live GCaMP (green) in example Z plane after volume registration (neurons identified with white arrow). Scale bars: 100 μm. (Right) Scatterplot of mean pre-stimulus neural activity and RT. Solid line: linear regression; shaded region: 95% confidence interval.

(C) Summary data from 22 neuromodulatory cell types, displaying correlation coefficients from comparison of RT and pre-stimulus neural activity. Bars are mean ± SEM, n = 34 fish. Significance values are determined by one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. Groups are colored according to their correlations: blue (negative correlation), green (positive correlation), or black (no correlation).

See Figure S3 for details and examples of each cell type and Figure S4 for additional functional characterization. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.