Fig. 1

Fig. 1

The GFP signals shown in huORFZ embryos are distinctly responsive to various stresses.

(A). Various heavy metal-containing chemicals, including AlCl₃, As₂O₃, CdCl₂, CoCl₂, CuSO₄, LiCl, NiSO₄, PbCl₂ and ZnSO₄, or different EDCs, including acrylamide, atrazine, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, glyphosate and methoxychlor, were used individually to treat huORFZ embryos at 72 hpf. The concentrations of each heavy metal ion or EDC used were indicated on each panel. GFP expression patterns were observed at 96 hpf. The percentages of the representative patterns among the treatment groups are labeled on the images. (B-K). Selected GFP expression patterns were imaged in detail under confocal microscopy. For AlCl₃-treated huORFZ embryos, GFP signals were observed in the brain (B) and muscle (C). Through immunostaining of antibody against GS, it was observed that only the glial cell lineages in the brain of embryos expressed GFP (B2 red labeling). For CdCl₂-treated huORFZ embryos, GFP signals were detected in the olfactory epithelium (D; arrowhead), pronephric ducts (E; arrowhead), skin and lateral line system (F). For CuSO₄-treatment, embryos obtained from crossing huORFZ to Tg(-2.9krt18:RFP) were used. When treated with CuSO₄, GFP-expressing skin cells were always also krt18:RFP-expressing, indicating a keratinocyte lineage (G). For PbCl₂-treated huORFZ embryos, the GFP-positive tissues included the spinal cord (I) and kidney (J; arrowhead). Interestingly, when either LiCl or Atrazine was used to treat the huORFZ embryos, GFP signals were observed in the intestine (H) and heart (K; arrowhead), respectively. (A, B, C, F – I, K) are lateral views with anterior to the left. (B2) is dorsal view with anterior to the left. (D, E, J) are transverse view with posterior to the top. SC: spinal cord. BR: brain. The scale bar in F is 20 µm; all other scale bars are 50 μm.