|
Fig. 1
PTU modulates retinoic acid regulation of craniofacial muscles.
72 hpf Tg(α-actin::EGFP) embryos (ventral view) were treated with 10 μM DEAB (A–D) at 24 hpf, 100 nM retinoic acid (RA) (E–F) at 28 hpf, , or 0.1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; I–L) in the roy background (in the absence of PTU; A, B, E, F, I, J) or in the presence of 0.003% PTU which was added to the media at 12 hpf (C, D, G, H, K, L). 10 μM DEAB in the presence of PTU caused thickening of the inferior rectus (C, D) and absence of the inferior oblique (IO) compared to treatment with DEAB in the roy background (absence of PTU; A, B). In addition, only 1 pharyngeal arch (PA) was present in embryos treated with DEAB and PTU (C). Embryos treated with DEAB alone had 2 pharyngeal arches (A) while the control embryos had 4 pharyngeal arches (I). Exogenous retinoic acid inhibited craniofacial muscle development which was worse in the absence of PTU (G. H compared to E, F). AM, anterior mandibulae.