ZFIN is now using GRCz12tu for Genomic Data
Gene
b2m
- ID
- ZDB-GENE-980526-88
- Name
- beta-2-microglobulin
- Symbol
- b2m Nomenclature History
- Previous Names
-
- bwm
- wu:fa94c05
- wu:fb10a09
- Type
- protein_coding_gene
- Location
- Chr: 4 Mapping Details/Browsers
- Genome Assembly
- GRCz12tu
- Annotation Status
- Current
- Description
- Predicted to enable MHC class II protein complex binding activity and peptide antigen binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II; peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex; and positive regulation of T cell activation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be part of MHC class II protein complex. Predicted to be active in late endosome membrane and lysosomal membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including eye; heart; integument; liver; and pleuroperitoneal region. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in arthritis; immunodeficiency 43; and inflammatory bowel disease. Orthologous to human B2M (beta-2-microglobulin).
- Genome Resources
- Note
- None
- Comparative Information
-
- All Expression Data
- 9 figures from 7 publications
- Cross-Species Comparison
- High Throughput Data
- Thisse Expression Data
Wild Type Expression Summary
- All Phenotype Data
- No data available
- Cross-Species Comparison
- Alliance
Phenotype Summary
Mutations
| Allele | Type | Localization | Consequence | Mutagen | Supplier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sa33421 | Allele with one point mutation | Unknown | Splice Site | ENU |
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| Targeting Reagent | Created Alleles | Citations |
|---|---|---|
| CRISPR1-irak3,b2m | Keatinge et al., 2021 | |
| CRISPR2-b2m | Pessoa Rodrigues et al., 2024 |
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Human Disease
| Disease Ontology Term | Multi-Species Data | OMIM Term | OMIM Phenotype ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| immunodeficiency 43 | Alliance | Immunodeficiency 43 | 241600 |
| Amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 6 | 620659 |
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Domain, Family, and Site Summary
| Type | InterPro ID | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Conserved_site | IPR003006 | Immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex, conserved site |
| Domain | IPR003597 | Immunoglobulin C1-set |
| Domain | IPR007110 | Immunoglobulin-like domain |
| Family | IPR015707 | Beta-2-Microglobulin |
| Family | IPR050160 | Major Histocompatibility Complex/Immunoglobulin |
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Domain Details Per Protein
| Protein | Additional Resources | Length | Beta-2-Microglobulin | Immunoglobulin C1-set | Immunoglobulin-like domain | Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily | Immunoglobulin-like fold | Immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex, conserved site | Major Histocompatibility Complex/Immunoglobulin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UniProtKB:Q04475 | InterPro PDB | 116 | |||||||
| UniProtKB:B0UYS1 | InterPro | 116 |
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Interactions and Pathways
No data available
Plasmids
No data available
No data available
| Relationship | Marker Type | Marker | Accession Numbers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contained in | BAC | DKEY-150I15 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Contained in | BAC | DKEYP-87C9 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | EST | eu179 | Thisse et al., 2005 | |
| Encodes | EST | fa94c05 | ||
| Encodes | EST | fb10a09 | ||
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:77717 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:194148 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:194174 | ZFIN Curated Data |
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| Type | Accession # | Genome Assembly | Length (nt/aa) | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RNA | RefSeq:NM_131163 (1) | 1152 nt | ||
| Genomic | GenBank:CR558305 (2) | 86313 nt | ||
| Polypeptide | UniProtKB:B0UYS1 (1) | 116 aa |
- Ezer, S., Ronin, N., Yanovsky-Dagan, S., Rotem-Bamberger, S., Halstuk, O., Wexler, Y., Ben-Moshe, Z., Plaschkes, I., Benyamini, H., Saada, A., Inbal, A., Harel, T. (2025) Transcriptome analysis of atad3-null zebrafish embryos elucidates possible disease mechanisms. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 20:181181
- Han, X., Pang, K., Liu, X., Zhou, J., Zhu, J., Yuan, H. (2025) Novel roles for CREG1 in hematopoiesis revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell & Bioscience. 15:7474
- Munro, B., Hines, D., Mueller, J.S., Horvath, R. (2025) Deoxynucleoside supplementation ameliorates the disease associated phenotypes in a zebrafish model of RRM2B mtDNA depletion syndrome. Human molecular genetics. :
- Zhang, X., Gschwind, J., Erben, V., Bennewitz, K., Li, X., Sticht, C., Poschet, G., Hausser, I., Fleming, T., Szendroedi, J., Nawroth, P.P., Kroll, J. (2025) Endogenous acrolein accumulation in akr7a3 mutants causes microvascular dysfunction due to increased arachidonic acid metabolism. Redox Biology. 83:103639103639
- Abu Obaid, A., Ivandic, I., Korsching, S.I. (2024) Deciphering the function of the fifth class of Gα proteins: regulation of ionic homeostasis as unifying hypothesis. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 81:213213
- Karimi, Z., Zarifkar, A., Mirzaei, E., Dianatpour, M., Dara, M., Aligholi, H. (2024) Therapeutic effects of nanosilibinin in valproic acid-zebrafish model of autism spectrum disorder: Focusing on Wnt signaling pathway and autism spectrum disorder-related cytokines. International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. 84(5):454-468
- Marques, E.S., Severance, E.G., Arsenault, P., Zahn, S.M., Timme-Laragy, A.R. (2024) Activation of Nrf2 at Critical Windows of Development Alters Tissue-Specific Protein S-Glutathionylation in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 13(8):
- Pessoa Rodrigues, C., Collins, J.M., Yang, S., Martinez, C., Kim, J.W., Lama, C., Nam, A.S., Alt, C., Lin, C., Zon, L.I. (2024) Transcripts of repetitive DNA elements signal to block phagocytosis of hematopoietic stem cells. Science (New York, N.Y.). 385:eadn1629eadn1629
- Song, G., Feng, G., Li, Q., Peng, J., Ge, W., Long, Y., Cui, Z. (2024) Transcriptomic Characterization of Key Factors and Signaling Pathways for the Regeneration of Partially Hepatectomized Liver in Zebrafish. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 25(13):
- Zakaria, Z.Z., Suleiman, M., Benslimane, F.M., Al-Badr, M., Sivaraman, S., Korashy, H.M., Ahmad, F., Uddin, S., Mraiche, F., Yalcin, H.C. (2024) Imatinib‑ and ponatinib‑mediated cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Molecular Medicine Reports. 30(4):
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