Term Name: translation
Synonyms: protein anabolism, protein biosynthesis, protein biosynthetic process, protein formation, protein synthesis, protein translation
Definition: The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
Ontology: GO: Biological Process [GO:0006412]    QuickGO    AmiGO

Relationships
is part of: gene expression
has parts: maintenance of translational fidelity regulation of translation by machinery localization translation factor activity, RNA binding translational elongation translational initiation translational termination triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
is a type of: macromolecule biosynthetic process protein metabolic process
has subtype: cytoplasmic translation mitochondrial translation plastid translation translation at postsynapse translation at presynapse translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission translation at synapse
has_part: translational elongation translational initiation translational termination
inverse has_part: SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
negatively regulated by: negative regulation of translation negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress negative regulation of translation in response to stress regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
positively regulated by: positive regulation of translation positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress positive regulation of translation in response to stress
regulated by: regulation of translation regulation of translation at postsynapse regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation at presynapse regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation at synapse regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress regulation of translation in response to stress