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Further reduction of progestin sensitivities in stage IVa fully-grown immature oocytes with all seven membrane progestin receptor paralogues mutated (mprs−/−). (A) Increased number of females with stage IVa oocytes found in ovaries from mprs−/− in vivo. Ovaries were collected at 0.5 h following lights on from nine females. Only one out of nine wildtype (wt) female had stage IVa oocytes, while 4 out of 9 mprs−/− had stage IVa oocytes. (B) Further reduction in germinal vehicle breakdown (GVBD) in response to 5 nM exogenous 17α,20β-dihydroxy-progesterone (DHP) in vitro in stage IVa oocytes with all seven mPR paralogues (mprs−/−) mutated. (C) Majority of stage IVa oocytes from wt underwent GVBD after a 3-h incubation with 5 nM DHP in vitro. Oocyte become translucent following GVBD because of fusion of yolk protein that permits more lights going through. An immature oocyte failed undergoing GVBD is indicated by an arrow. (D) Many stage IVa oocytes from mprs−/− did not undergo GVBD following treatment with DHP for 3 h. Immature oocytes failed undergoing GVBD are indicated by arrows. Scale bar: 1 mm *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.


Malformed embryos from in all seven membrane progestin receptor paralogues mutant (mprs−/−) females. (A–C) Reduced yolk size, chorion width, and the ratio of chorion size to yolk size in the mprs−/−embryos. 30% epiboly embryos were used (n = 7). (D) Representative malformed embryos (16-cell stage) from mprs−/− females with smaller yolk and chorion. (E) Disorganized and scrambled yolk granules on the surface of mprs−/− early stage embryo (32-cell stage embryo). a & b) wt; c & d) mprs−/−. Scale bars: a & c) 200 μm; b & d) 50 μm.

Abnormal oogenesis in all seven membrane progestin receptor paralogues mutant (mprs−/−) ovaries. (A) Higher percentage of stage I oocytes was found in mprs−/−. (B) & (C) Representative image of wildtype (wt) or mprs−/− ovary. Scale bar: 1 mm. *p < 0.05.

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Reprinted from Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 511, Wu, X.J., Liu, D.T., Chen, S., Hong, W., Zhu, Y., Impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation in membrane progestin receptor (mPR) knockouts in zebrafish, 110856, Copyright (2020) with permission from Elsevier. Full text @ Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.