FIGURE SUMMARY
Title

GABAergic signaling linked to autophagy enhances host protection against intracellular bacterial infections

Authors
Kim, J.K., Kim, Y.S., Lee, H.M., Jin, H.S., Neupane, C., Kim, S., Lee, S.H., Min, J.J., Sasai, M., Jeong, J.H., Choe, S.K., Kim, J.M., Yamamoto, M., Choy, H.E., Park, J.B., Jo, E.K.
Source
Full text @ Nat. Commun.

GABAergic inhibition decreases host protection to intracellular bacterial infection. a, b Mice were injected with PBS or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 40 mg/kg; i.p.) 6 h or 7 days before Mtb (i.v., 1 × 105 CFU; n = 9 per group) or BCG infection (i.n., 2 × 106 CFU; n = 8 per group). a CFU assay in the lungs (Mtb, 14 dpi; BCG, 7 dpi). b Representative H&E-stained images from lung tissues at 7 dpi. Mice were injected with PBS or PTZ (i.p., 20 or 40 mg/kg) before BCG infection. Scale bars, 100 μm. c Quantitative analysis of histopathology. d Representative in vivo imaging of BCG-ERFP-infected lungs (i.n., 5 × 105 CFU) from mice (n = 4 per group) treated with PBS or PTZ (40 mg/kg, 6 h; 7 dpi). e Intracellular survival assay for Mtb in BMDMs treated with picrotoxin (PTX; 10, 50, or 100 μM) for 3 days. fh Zebrafish embryos were i.v. infected with M. marinum-tdTomato (Mm; 200 CFU) and treated with BIC (50 μM), PTX (5 μM), or PTZ (50 μM), at 3 dpi. f Representative fluorescence images. Scale bars, 100 μm. g Bacterial loads (FPC; fluorescent pixel counts) of f. h Survival of M. marinum-infected or PBS-injected embryos (treated with BIC, PTX, or PTZ; n = 22–32). i and j PBS or PTZ (40 mg/kg) were injected i.p. into mice (n = 10 per group) 6 h before oral infection with S. typhimurium (2 × 107 CFU). i Viable cell count of S. typhimurium in mice at 5 dpi. j Survival of mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. UI: uninfected, SC: solvent control (0.05% EtOH, for d), ns: not significant. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test (a Mtb, i), one-way ANOVA (a BCG, c, e, g), and log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test (h, j). Data shown (means ± SEM) represent the combined results of triplicates from three independent experiments (e). Values are pooled from three (a, c, gj) independent experiments. Images are representative of three independent experiments (b, d, f). Each symbol represents one animal (a, g, i)

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Acknowledgments
This image is the copyrighted work of the attributed author or publisher, and ZFIN has permission only to display this image to its users. Additional permissions should be obtained from the applicable author or publisher of the image. Full text @ Nat. Commun.